The flagship candidate, PMB212, is a PIN1 inhibitor, developing as a cancer-stemness blocking agent. Pin1 is a pluripotential target for cancer stemness. It participates in pathways that up-regulate over 50 oncogenic proteins and down-regulate over 20 tumor suppressor proteins. Despite of involving in many pathways, its knockout animals grow normally. Pin1 is overexpressed in cancer cells of most cancer types, and even more so in cancer-stem-cells. In cellular studies, PMB212 kills specifically cancer cells with higher stemness. In the view of MoA, PMB212 blocks expression of cyclinD1 and ABC transporters, EMT process, and cancer-stemness related pathways including Wnt, Notch, HedgeHog, Hippo, STAT3, NFkB and BMI1, resulting in the inhibition of cancer-stemness markers. Such pluripotential actions of PMB212 would be different from the failed previous approaches to target a single pathway ignoring heterogeneity, complexity, and plasticity of cancer stem cells. In animal studies, PMB212 has shown efficacy in blocking tumor growth and metastasis. PMB212 has completed GLP-toxicity studies and submitted IND recently.
Third-generation cancer immunotherapy refers to the attempts targeting simultaneously immune checkpoints and the tumor immune
microenvironment, with the goal of efficiently suppressing multiple aspects of negative immune regulation during immunotherapies.
Our third-generation immunotherapy is a small molecule designed to simultaneously inhibit two proteins that suppress anti-cancer immunity
and generate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, respectively.
Therefore, the resulting candidates are expected to demonstrate the ability to enhance anticancer immunity and reprogram the
immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
In fact, the lead compound in this project has shown efficacy in animal studies by activating CD8+T cells while suppressing Treg cells. As a result, it showed a higher CD8+T-cell/Treg-cell ratio than the control anti-PD-L1 antibody.
Additionally, we are discovering bispecific small molecules (BSM) and inhibitor drug conjugates (IDC) that are small molecules acting like
bispecific antibodies, and antibody drug conjugates (ADC), respectively.
Lead compounds have been discovered, and currently, optimizations are in progress.
One of example for BSM is the above 3rdgeneration cancer immunotherapy.